慢性阻塞性肺疾病经济学研究进展

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)是一种常见慢性病,患病率和病死率均较高,同时其社会和个体经济负担重,疾病经济学意义已经超过其他慢性疾病.目前对COPD的疾病经济学研究日益增多,并逐渐形成多个COPD经济模式,本文对近年来有关COPD疾病经济学的研究进行综述.     

我国流感疾病负担相关研究进展

流行性感冒(简称“流感”)作为全球广泛流行的急性呼吸道传染病,不仅对人群健康造成严重威胁,同时给社会带来巨大的疾病负担。分析流感造成的疾病负担, 对于免疫接种策略的调整和公共卫生资源配置的优化具有重要意义。本文通过检索有关相关文章及流感法定报告数据,对我国近年来流感疾病负担研究进行综述,以期较为全面反映流感对人群健康和社会经济的影响,为流感防控政策的制定,特别是流感疫苗免疫接种的推广提供依据。     

Successful treatment of hypovascular advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with lipiodol-targetting intervention radiology

We report a case of hypovascular advanced hepa-tocellular carcinoma (HCC) successfully treated with a novel combination therapy of percutaneous ethanol-lipiodol injection (PELI) and intervention radiology (IVR),lipiodol-targetting IVR (Lipi-IVR). The present case had a hypovascular HCC (3 cm in diameter) located in the S6 region of the liver. Although the tumor was not detectable at all by both of early and late phase of helical dynamic computed tomography (CT),it could be detected by ultrasonography (US) as a low echoic space occupying lesion (SOL) beside the gallbladder and right kidney. Serum levels of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and AFP-L3 were extremely high. Combination therapy of PELI,firstly reported in our department,and IVR (PELI and IVR,lipiodol-targetting IVR) was performed twice for the treatment. PELI could effectively visualize the location of the tumor for IVR treatment and show the presence of a thin blood vessel branching from the right hepatic artery flowing into the lipiodol deposit. After treatment,the serum levels of AFP and AFP-L3 were rapidly decreased to normal and maintained for more than eight months. Thus,this case expressing the tremendous effect might give us insight into the effectiveness of the novel combination therapy of PELI and IVR for the treatment of hypovascular HCC.     

Repeated endoscopic sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices due to non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis using intravariceal polidocanol

Forty patients with variceal bleeding due to non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis have been treated by repeated endoscopic injection sclerotherapy using intravariceal polidocanol (1%). This has decreased re-bleeding as evidenced by a decrease in mean bleeding risk factor (BRF) and transfusion requirement; difference between presclerotherapy and postsclerotherapy parameters were significant ( P < 0.001). Low doses of polidocanol (mean 13.2 ml per session) were effective in the obliteration of varices. The mean sclerotherapy sessions required for obliteration were 8.04 (s.d. = 2.24). Complications were infrequent. Cumulative survival for 4 years was 92.5%. Based on these results endoscopic sclerotherapy is recommended for managing variceal bleeding due to non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis and is a reasonable alternative to surgery.     

Vasodilator Stress CMR and All-Cause Mortality in Stable Ischemic Heart Disease: A Large Retrospective Registry

ObjectivesThis study explored the association of ischemic burden, as measured by vasodilator stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), with all-cause mortality and the effect of revascularization on all-cause mortality in patients with stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD).BackgroundIn patients with SIHD, the association of ischemic burden, derived from vasodilator stress CMR, with all-cause mortality and its role for decision-making is unclear.MethodsThe registry consisted of 6,389 consecutive patients (mean age: 65 ± 12 years; 38% women) who underwent vasodilator stress CMR for known or suspected SIHD. The ischemic burden (at stress first-pass perfusion imaging) was computed (17-segment model). The effect of CMR-related revascularization (within the following 3 months) on all-cause mortality was retrospectively explored using the electronic regional health system registry.ResultsDuring a 5.75-year median follow-up, 717 (11%) deaths were documented. In multivariable analyses, more extensive ischemic burden (per 1-segment increase) was independently related to all-cause mortality (hazard ratio: 1.04; 95% confidence interval: 1.02 to 1.07; p < 0.001). In 1,032 1:1 matched patients using a limited number of variables (516 revascularized, 516 non-revascularized), revascularization within the following 3 months was associated with less all-cause mortality only in patients with extensive CMR-related ischemia (>5 segments, n = 432; 10% vs. 24%; p = 0.01).ConclusionsIn a large retrospective registry of unselected patients with known or suspected SIHD who underwent vasodilator stress CMR, extensive ischemic burden was related to a higher risk of long-term, all-cause mortality. Revascularization was associated with a protective effect only in the restricted subset of patients with extensive CMR-related ischemia. Further research will be needed to confirm this hypothesis-generating finding.     

Comparative insulinogenic effects of glucose,arginine and glucagon in patients with diabetes mellitus,endocrine disorders and liver disease

Summary In order to compare the insulinogenic effects of glucose, arginine and glucagon, plasma immunoreactive insulin levels following oral glucose loading (50 g), intravenous arginine infusion (30 g for 45 min) and intravenous glucagon injection (1 mg) were determined in patients with diabetes mellitus, various endocrine diseases and chronic hepatitis. In patients with Cushing’s syndrome, plasma insulin responses to all three stimuli were exaggerated, whereas they were low in patients with pheochromocytoma. In other diseases, certain disparities were observed in plasma insulin responses. In patients with mild diabetes mellitus, insulin secretion elicited by glucose seems to be selectively impaired, because arginine and glucagon caused a rise in plasma insulin not significantly different from that in normal subjects. In patients with hyperthyroidism, plasma insulin responses to arginine and glucagon were either absent or limited, although rather a exaggerated response was noted following oral glucose loading. On the contrary, exaggerated responses to arginine and glucagon, and limited response to glucose were observed in hypothyroidism. In patients with chronic hepatitis, the responses of plasma insulin to glucose and arginine were both exaggerated, whereas the response to glucagon was comparable to that in normal subjects. These disparate responses suggest that glucose, arginine and glucagon act on the B-cell via different mechanisms.     

胸腔灌注铜绿假单胞菌注射液治疗非小细胞肺癌患者恶性胸腔积液的临床观察

目的观察胸腔灌注铜绿假单胞菌注射液治疗非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者恶性胸腔积液的临床疗效及毒副反应。方法将65例NSCLC伴恶性胸腔积液患者随机分为实验组和对照组,其中实验组32例,对照组33例。实验组予以胸腔灌注铜绿假单胞菌注射液治疗,对照组予以胸腔灌注洛铂治疗,比较两种药物胸腔灌注治疗NSCLC伴恶性胸腔积液患者的临床疗效及毒副反应。结果治疗后,两组患者中大多数胸腔积液情况均得到了改善,但实验组和对照组治疗总有效率分别为75.0%和54.5%(P0.05),且胃肠道反应及骨髓抑制等毒副反应也明显较对照组少(P0.05)。结论胸腔灌注铜绿假单胞菌注射液治疗NSCLC患者恶性胸腔积液比胸腔灌注洛铂的疗效好,毒副反应少,可考虑临床推广应用。     

Role of intra-arterial steroid administration in the management of steroid-refractory acute gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease

We report here a case of severe steroid-refractory gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease treated with intra-arterial administration of corticosteroids. A 53-year-old female with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma received peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplant from her HLA-matched sibling. She developed grade II skin and grade IV gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease with no hepatic involvement. Therapy with oral prednisone easily controlled her skin rash but she had profuse diarrhea that did not respond to high dose intravenous corticosteroids and denileukin diftitox. Infusion of methyl-prednisolone into superior and inferior mesenteric arteries produced dramatic improvement of diarrhea, with complete resolution of gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease.     

丹红注射液对动脉粥样硬化家兔血管壁炎症的影响

目的 观察丹红注射液对动脉粥样硬化（AS）家兔模型血管壁炎症的影响。方法 36只新西兰雄性白兔随机分为正常对照组（NC组）、高胆固醇组（HC组）、高胆固醇加氟伐他汀组（FC组）和高胆固醇加丹红注射液组（DC组）；组织形态学分析AS斑块／内膜面积比值及斑块最厚处内膜厚度／中膜厚度比值；酶法检测血脂：固相酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）定量测定血清高敏C反应蛋白（hS—CRP）及主动脉弓血管壁核转录因子出（NF-κB）含量。结果 DC组与HC组比较血清总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）明显降低（P〈0．05），血管AS病变显著减轻（P〈0.05），血管壁NF-κB出及血清hs—CRP含量均显著降低（P〈0.05）。结论 丹红注射液对实验性AS家兔血管壁炎症具有抑制作用。     

肝动脉栓塞加局部无水酒精注射治疗肝癌疗效观察

为研究肝动脉栓塞 (TAE)加经皮穿刺局部无水酒精注射 (PEIT)联合治疗进展期原发性肝癌患者 2 6例 ,TAE术后一周进行两次PEIT术 ,治疗结束后一周CT检查见肿瘤密度明显减低 ,均有大小不等局限性液化改变 ,但是肿瘤大小未见明显变化 ;本组 2 6例患者经TAE +PEIT联合治疗后平均生存期为 15 4± 5 8月 ,其中有 3例进行“二步切除”术。